MOROCCO. 1st War. Tangier, antique print, 1844

MOROCCO. 1st War. Tangier, antique print, 1844

Product SKU: P-5-04882

Price £12.99

'Tangier' from Illustrated London News (1844). Antique wood engraved print, 11.5 x 15.0cm, 4.5 x 6 inches



First Franco-Moroccan War
The principal cause of war involved the retreat of Algerian resistance leader `Abd al-Qādir into Morocco following French victories over many of his tribal supporters in the French conquest of Algeria. Al-Qādir had begun using northeastern Morocco as a refuge and a recruiting base as early as 1840, and French military movements against al-Qādir

CAPTION BELOW PICTURE: 'Tangier'



First Franco-Moroccan War
The principal cause of war involved the retreat of Algerian resistance leader `Abd al-Qādir into Morocco following French victories over many of his tribal supporters in the French conquest of Algeria. Al-Qādir had begun using northeastern Morocco as a refuge and a recruiting base as early as 1840, and French military movements against al-Qādir heightened border tensions at that time. France made repeated diplomatic demands of sultan Abd al-Rahman to stop Moroccan support for al-Qādir, but political divisions within the sultanate made this virtually impossible. (Opposition to moves appeasing the infidel French was significant enough that there were several conspiracies to depose or assassinate al-Rahman.)
Tensions were again heightened in 1843 when French forces chased a column of al-Qādir supporters deep into Morocco. These men included Alawī tribesmen from Morocco, and French authorities interpreted their actions as a de facto declaration of war. While they did not act immediately, French military authorities threatened to march into the sultanate if support for al-Qādir was not withdrawn, and the border between Algeria and Morocco properly demarcated so that defenses against future incursions could be set up.
By early 1844 French troops had constructed a fortification at Lalla-Maghnia, the site of a Muslim shrine near Oujda, and clearly not within territory traditionally claimed by the Ottoman Regency of Algiers. An attempt to dislodge these troops peacefully in late May 1844 failed when Alawī tribal fighters fired on the French and were eventually driven back to Oujda. Rumors surrounding this incident (including reports that the shrine had been defiled and that French troops had entered Oujda and hanged to governor) fanned the flames of jihad in Morocco. Amid escalating troop buildups and skirmishes in the frontier area, French Marshal Thomas Robert Bugeaud insisted that the border be demarcated along the Muluwiya River, a position further west than the Tafna River which Morocco considered to be the border.
The war began on August 6, 1844, when a French navy under the command of the Prince de Joinville conducted a naval bombardment of the city of Tangiers. The conflict peaked on August 14, 1844 at the Battle of Isly, which took place near Oujda. In that particular battle, a large Moroccan force led by the sultan's son Sīdī Mohammed was defeated by a smaller French imperial force under Marshal Bugeaud. Essaouira, Morocco's main Atlantic trade port, was bombarded and briefly occupied by Joinville on August 16th, 1844. The war was formally ended September 10 with the signing of the Treaty of Tangiers, in which Morocco agreed to arrest and outlaw al-Qādir, reduce the size of its garrison at Oujda, and establish a commission to demarcate the border. (The border, which is essentially the modern border between Morocco and Algeria, was agreed in the Treaty of Lalla Maghnia.)
Sultan Abd al-Rahman's agreement to these terms, which amounted to a capitulation to French demands, threw Morocco into chaos, with Alawī and other tribal areas threatening secession in support of al-Qādir, and calls in some circles for al-Rahman to be deposed in favor of al-Qādir. The sultan and his sons eventually regained control over the sultanate, and were able to marginalize al-Qādir's calls for jihad by pointing out that without their support, al-Qādir was not a mujahid, or holy warrior, but merely a mufsid, or rebel. By 1847 the sultan's forces were in jihad against al-Qādir, who surrendered to French forces in December 1847.

(Source Wikipedia)

DATE PRINTED: 1844    

IMAGE SIZE: Approx 11.5 x 15.0cm, 4.5 x 6 inches (Small)

TYPE: Antique wood engraved print

CONDITION: Good; suitable for framing. However, please note: Tight top margin; The image shown may have been scanned from a different example of this print than that which is offered for sale: The print you will receive is in Good condition but there may be minor variations in the condition compared to that shown in the image. Please check the scan for any blemishes prior to making your purchase. Virtually all antiquarian maps and prints are subject to some normal aging due to use and time which is not obtrusive unless otherwise stated. We offer a no questions asked return policy.

AUTHENTICITY: This is an authentic historic print, published at the date stated above. It is not a modern copy.

VERSO: There are images and/or text printed on the reverse side of the picture. In some cases this may be visible on the picture itself (please check the scan prior to your purchase) or around the margin of the picture.

ARTIST/CARTOGRAPHER/ENGRAVER: Unsigned

PROVENANCE: Illustrated London News

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