{"title":"Disease \u0026 Epidemiological Maps","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection traces the development of disease mapping from early sanitary reform and medical geography to modern epidemiological surveillance. Robert Baker’s \u003cem\u003eSanitary Map of the Town of Leeds\u003c\/em\u003e (1842), prepared for Edwin Chadwick’s landmark inquiry into the sanitary condition of the labouring population, is an important early example: by relating disease and mortality to overcrowding, drainage and environmental conditions, it helped establish cartography as evidence for public-health reform.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJohn Snow’s maps of the 1854 London cholera outbreak are among the foundational works of epidemiology. His Broad Street map revealed the spatial concentration of cholera deaths around the contaminated pump, while his South London water-company map compared mortality among populations supplied by different water sources. Together they helped make the case for water-borne transmission and demonstrated the power of spatial analysis in investigating epidemics. Henry Acland’s 1856 Oxford cholera map similarly plotted cases and choleraic diarrhoea against drainage and local conditions, extending detailed urban disease mapping beyond London.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlexander Keith Johnston’s mid-19th-century map of the geographical distribution of health and disease, including yellow-fever regions, belongs to the emerging field of medical geography, which sought relationships between illness, climate and environment. Later maps by Élisée Reclus showing malaria in Italy, fever in the Caucasus, plague in Kurdistan and Russia, and prevailing diseases in Mexico illustrate how such geographical thinking entered widely circulated reference works.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlfred Haviland’s 1875 choropleth maps of cancer, heart disease and phthisis [tuberculosis] mortality across England and Wales were pioneering national statistical maps. Their graduated shading exposed regional patterns in chronic disease and made geography itself an object of medical investigation. Stanford’s 1887 statistical disease maps of the British Isles and later maps of typhoid and zymotic mortality show this technique becoming established in statistical cartography.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe collection’s remarkable Bombay material records a further transformation. Regional maps of plague and cholera mortality during 1897 document the scale of epidemic disease across the Bombay Presidency, while the Indian Plague Advisory Committee’s 1911 maps plot human plague cases, infected rats, guinea-pig deaths and individual houses month by month during the Third Plague Pandemic. These exceptionally detailed investigations helped clarify the rat–flea transmission cycle of bubonic plague and show epidemiological cartography operating at household level.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLater malaria maps, including Tanganyika and global distributions, demonstrate the continuing role of mapping in twentieth-century public-health planning and disease control. Taken together, the maps show the evolution from environmental observation and sanitary reform to statistical comparison, spatial epidemiology and systematic disease surveillance.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"africa-mineral-vegetables-languages-diseases-1915-old-antique-map-plan-chart-p-6-007886","title":"AFRICA. 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Death rate due to Typhoid fever per 100, 000 of population  1900 old map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'The death rate due to Typhoid fever per 100,000 of population 1900'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50719118786907,"sku":"P-6-034464","price":9.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-034464a_44d99927-5d99-4951-ae93-380318ccc497.jpg?v=1748740778"},{"product_id":"prevailing-diseases-in-mexico-1885-old-antique-vintage-map-plan-chart-p-6-062068","title":"Prevailing diseases in Mexico 1885 old antique vintage map plan chart","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Prevailing diseases in Mexico'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50721152762203,"sku":"P-6-062068","price":11.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-062068a.jpg?v=1748712887"},{"product_id":"england-wales-phthisis-tb-zymotic-infectious-diseases-death-rate-1904-map-p-6-066490","title":"ENGLAND \u0026 WALES Phthisis (TB)\/Zymotic (infectious) diseases death rate 1904 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Average death rate from Phthisis in England \u0026amp; Wales; Average death rate from Zymotic diseases in England \u0026amp; Wales'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50721309393243,"sku":"P-6-066490","price":14.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-066490a.jpg?v=1748714843"},{"product_id":"italy-malarial-regions-from-the-austrian-staff-map-sketch-map-1885-old-p-6-075527","title":"Italy Malarial Regions from the Austrian Staff Map. Sketch map 1885 old","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'The Malarial Regions from the Austrian Staff Map'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50721638220123,"sku":"P-6-075527","price":9.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-075527a.jpg?v=1748718571"},{"product_id":"range-of-the-plague-in-kurdistan-iran-sketch-map-1885-old-antique-chart-p-6-076427","title":"Range of the Plague in Kurdistan. Iran. Sketch map 1885 old antique chart","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Range of the Plague in Kurdistan'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50721671610715,"sku":"P-6-076427","price":9.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-076427a.jpg?v=1748718926"},{"product_id":"plague-infected-district-1878-russia-volga-vetylyanka-sketch-map-small-1885-p-6-077176","title":"Plague infected district 1878. Russia. Volga. Vetylyanka. Sketch map. SMALL 1885","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'District Infected by the Plague in 1878'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50721697694043,"sku":"P-6-077176","price":13.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-077176a.jpg?v=1748719206"},{"product_id":"broad-street-cholera-outbreak-soho-london-by-dr-john-snow-1855-1936-map-p-6-107972","title":"Broad Street Cholera Outbreak, Soho, London by Dr John Snow 1855 (1936) map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e[Dr John Snow's map of Soho, London, showing the clusters of Cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDr. John Snow's famous map of the Soho Cholera Outbreak of 1854, originally printed in 1855. Snow's map is regarded as a pioneering example of disease mapping. Dr Snow challenged the then-dominant theory that cholera and other diseases were caused by pollution or a noxious miasma or \"bad air\". He observed that the deaths caused by cholera in the so-called \"Broad Street Cholera Outbreak\" of 1854 (now Broadwick Street, Soho, London) were clustered around a single public water pump which he identified as the probable source of the outbreak. Using bars to represent the residential addresses of each cholera-related death, he used his \"dot map\" and statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the water provided by the water company, and cholera cases. His study was a major event in the history of public health, and is regarded as the founding event of the science of epidemiology. His findings resulted in a fundamental change to the design of the water and waste systems of London, and subsequently in other cities, which led to significant improvements in public health around the world. Oxford Street runs across the top of the map, with Regent Circus (now Oxford Circus) close to the top left hand corner. Regent Street runs from Regent Circus down towards the bottom centre of the map. Soho Square in positioned close to the top right hand corner, and Dean Street runs down the right hand side of the map. Piccadilly Circus is shown at the bottom of the map. Shaftesbury Avenue is not shown on the map, having been laid out after its date of publication. The location of public water pumps are shown on the map.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50722113782107,"sku":"P-6-107972","price":680.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-107972a.jpg?v=1748719410"},{"product_id":"cholera-map-southwark-vauxhall-lambeth-water-cos-by-dr-john-snow-1855-1936-p-6-107973","title":"Cholera map. Southwark\/Vauxhall \u0026 Lambeth Water Cos. by Dr John Snow 1855 (1936)","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e[Dr John Snow's map of South London showing the areas served by the Southwark and Vauxhall Water Company, and by the Lambeth Water Company, to illustrate the cause of the differing incidence of Cholera in each area]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDr. John Snow’s map of the South London water companies, originally published in 1855, illustrates the areas served by the Southwark \u0026amp; Vauxhall Water Company and the Lambeth Water Company during the 1853–54 cholera outbreak. Snow's map is a key example of early epidemiological analysis, comparing cholera death rates across populations supplied by different water sources. The Southwark \u0026amp; Vauxhall Water Company sourced water from the polluted Thames downstream of London, while the Lambeth Water Company drew its water from a cleaner section upstream. Snow observed significantly higher cholera deaths in areas supplied by Southwark \u0026amp; Vauxhall, while areas served by Lambeth had fewer cases. This comparison of cholera incidence between the two water companies provided critical evidence supporting Snow’s theory that contaminated water, not \"miasma\" or bad air (as was commonly believed at the time), was the primary cause of cholera. Snow's work paved the way for reforms in water sanitation and the modern understanding of disease transmission. The map is regarded as a pioneering example of disease mapping.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50722114568539,"sku":"P-6-107973","price":440.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-107973a.jpg?v=1748719411"},{"product_id":"cholera-map-southwark-vauxhall-lambeth-water-cos-by-dr-john-snow-1855-1965-p-6-108073","title":"Cholera map. Southwark\/Vauxhall \u0026 Lambeth Water Cos. by Dr John Snow 1855 (1965)","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e[Dr John Snow's map of South London showing the areas served by the Southwark and Vauxhall Water Company, and by the Lambeth Water Company, to illustrate the cause of the differing incidence of Cholera in each area]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDr. John Snow’s map of the South London water companies, originally published in 1855, illustrates the areas served by the Southwark \u0026amp; Vauxhall Water Company and the Lambeth Water Company during the 1853–54 cholera outbreak. Snow's map is a key example of early epidemiological analysis, comparing cholera death rates across populations supplied by different water sources. The Southwark \u0026amp; Vauxhall Water Company sourced water from the polluted Thames downstream of London, while the Lambeth Water Company drew its water from a cleaner section upstream. Snow observed significantly higher cholera deaths in areas supplied by Southwark \u0026amp; Vauxhall, while areas served by Lambeth had fewer cases. This comparison of cholera incidence between the two water companies provided critical evidence supporting Snow’s theory that contaminated water, not \"miasma\" or bad air (as was commonly believed at the time), was the primary cause of cholera. Snow's work paved the way for reforms in water sanitation and the modern understanding of disease transmission. The map is regarded as a pioneering example of disease mapping.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50722117321051,"sku":"P-6-108073","price":300.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-108073a.jpg?v=1748719454"},{"product_id":"broad-street-cholera-outbreak-soho-london-by-dr-john-snow-1855-1965-map-p-6-108072","title":"Broad Street Cholera Outbreak, Soho, London by Dr John Snow 1855 (1965) map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e[Dr John Snow's map of Soho, London, showing the clusters of Cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDr. John Snow's famous map of the Soho Cholera Outbreak of 1854, originally printed in 1855. Snow's map is regarded as a pioneering example of disease mapping. Dr Snow challenged the then-dominant theory that cholera and other diseases were caused by pollution or a noxious miasma or \"bad air\". He observed that the deaths caused by cholera in the so-called \"Broad Street Cholera Outbreak\" of 1854 (now Broadwick Street, Soho, London) were clustered around a single public water pump which he identified as the probable source of the outbreak. Using bars to represent the residential addresses of each cholera-related death, he used his \"dot map\" and statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the water provided by the water company, and cholera cases. His study was a major event in the history of public health, and is regarded as the founding event of the science of epidemiology. His findings resulted in a fundamental change to the design of the water and waste systems of London, and subsequently in other cities, which led to significant improvements in public health around the world. Oxford Street runs across the top of the map, with Regent Circus (now Oxford Circus) close to the top left hand corner. Regent Street runs from Regent Circus down towards the bottom centre of the map. Soho Square in positioned close to the top right hand corner, and Dean Street runs down the right hand side of the map. Piccadilly Circus is shown at the bottom of the map. Shaftesbury Avenue is not shown on the map, having been laid out after its date of publication. The location of public water pumps are shown on the map.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50722117550427,"sku":"P-6-108072","price":480.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-108072a.jpg?v=1748719450"},{"product_id":"world-erde-klima-isoamplituden-klimatypen-malariagebiete-malaria-1958-old-map-p-7-002778","title":"WORLD.Erde.Klima;Isoamplituden;Klimatypen;Malariagebiete Malaria 1958 old map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Erde : Klima; Isoamplituden (Linien gleicher Warmeschwankung); Klimatypen; Malariagebiete'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50722260320603,"sku":"P-7-002778","price":14.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-7-002778a.jpg?v=1748726881"},{"product_id":"1854-broad-street-cholera-outbreak-soho-london-by-dr-john-snow-1874-old-map-p-7-012809","title":"1854 Broad Street Cholera Outbreak, Soho, London by Dr John Snow 1874 old map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e[Dr John Snow's map of Soho, London, showing the clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe famous 1855 map by Dr John Snow of the Soho Cholera Outbreak of 1854, as reproduced in Hansard for the Rivers Pollution Commission Report of 1874. Snow's map is regarded as a pioneering example of disease mapping. Dr Snow challenged the then-dominant theory that cholera and other diseases were caused by pollution or a noxious miasma or \"bad air\". He observed that the deaths caused by cholera in the so called \"Broad Street Cholera Outbreak\" of 1854 (now Broadwick Street, Soho, London) were clustered around a single public water pump which he identified as the probable source of the outbreak. Using bars to represent the residential addresses of each cholera-related death, he used his \"dot map\" and statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the water provided by the water company, and cholera cases. His study was a major event in the history of public health, and is regarded as the founding event of the science of epidemiology. His findings resulted in a fundamental change to the design of the water and waste systems of London, and subsequently in other cities, which led to significant improvements in public health around the world. Oxford Street runs across the top of the map, with Regent Circus (now Oxford Circus) close to the top left hand corner. Regent Street runs from Regent Circus down towards the bottom centre of the map. Soho Square in positioned close to the top right hand corner, and Dean Street runs down the right hand side of the map. Piccadilly Circus is shown at the bottom of the map. Shaftesbury Avenue is not shown on the map, having been laid out after its date of publication. The location of public water pumps are shown on the map.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50722599534939,"sku":"P-7-012809","price":230.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-7-012809a.jpg?v=1748732122"},{"product_id":"deaths-from-cholera-outbreak-in-soho-london-in-1854-john-snow-1874-old-map-p-7-012810","title":"\"Deaths From Cholera\" outbreak in Soho, London in 1854. JOHN SNOW 1874 old map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Plan shewing the ascertained deaths from Cholera in part of the Parishes of St James, Westminster and St Anne, Soho, during the Summer and Autumn of 1854'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis is a development of the famous 1855 map by Dr John Snow of the Soho Cholera Outbreak of 1854, as reproduced in Hansard for the Rivers Pollution Commission Report of 1874. Snow's map is regarded as a pioneering example of disease mapping. Dr Snow challenged the then-dominant theory that cholera and other diseases were caused by pollution or a noxious miasma or \"bad air\". He observed that the deaths caused by cholera in the so called \"Broad Street Cholera Outbreak\" of 1854 (now Broadwick Street, Soho, London) were clustered around a single public water pump which he identified as the probable source of the outbreak. Using bars to represent the location of each cholera-related death, he used his \"dot map\" and statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the water provided by the water company, and cholera cases. His study was a major event in the history of public health, and is regarded as the founding event of the science of epidemiology. His findings resulted in a fundamental change to the design of the water and waste systems of London, and subsequently in other cities, which led to significant improvements in public health around the world. The area shown in bounded at the top of the map by Oxford Street, with Regent Circus (now Oxford Circus) close to the top left hand corner. Regent Street runs from Regent Circus down the left hand side of the map. Dean Street runs down the right hand side of the map. The bottom of the map roughly follow the route of present-day Shaftesbury Avenue, although this street was laid out after the date of publication of the map. The location of the old sewers is shown, along with the sewers completed in 1851 (in blue) and in 1854 (in pink). The supposed location of plague pits are shaded. Individual properties along with their street numbers.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50722599797083,"sku":"P-7-012810","price":600.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-7-012810a.jpg?v=1748732122"},{"product_id":"british-isles-population-death-rate-diseases-contagious-tb-stanford-1887-map-p-8-001483","title":"British Isles population death rate diseases contagious TB. 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Yellow fever districts Americas 1856 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Geographical Distribution of Health and Disease in connection chiefly with Natural Phenomena'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50723126640987,"sku":"P-8-001967","price":37.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-8-001967a.jpg?v=1748725831"},{"product_id":"tanganyika-territory-malaria-map-tanzania-department-of-lands-mines-1948-p-8-006318","title":"Tanganyika Territory Malaria Map. Tanzania. Department of Lands \u0026 Mines 1948","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Tanganyika Territory - Malaria Map'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51773264265563,"sku":"P-8-006318","price":80.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-8-006318a_e80898f7-5d03-4622-994b-2ae13048160a.jpg?v=1763720002"},{"product_id":"distribution-of-and-mortality-from-plague-during-1897-bombay-presidency-1898-map-p-7-028339","title":"Distribution of and Mortality from Plague during 1897—Bombay Presidency 1898 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sketch Map to Illustrate the Distribution of, and Comparative Mortality from Plague in the Different Districts of the Presidency of Bombay During the Year 1897'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn arresting official epidemiological map of western India, issued at the height of the Bombay plague crisis. The map records the “distribution of, and comparative mortality from plague” across the districts of the Bombay Presidency during 1897, using coloured district outlines, mortality circles and statistical tables to translate epidemic catastrophe into administrative geography. Printed by the Government Photozinco Office, Poona, in 1898, it belongs to the early official mapping of bubonic plague after the disease’s emergence in Bombay in 1896 and its rapid spread through the Presidency. The inset tables give death-rates and district statistics, including Bombay City, Poona, Surat, Thana and Karachi. A compelling medical-history map, combining colonial public-health surveillance, statistical cartography and the human geography of one of British India’s most consequential epidemics.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53123571024219,"sku":"P-7-028339","price":640.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-7-028339a.jpg?v=1779887919"},{"product_id":"distribution-of-mortality-from-cholera-during-1897-bombay-presidency-1898-map-p-7-028340","title":"Distribution of \u0026 Mortality from Cholera during 1897—Bombay Presidency 1898 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sketch Map to Illustrate the Distribution of and Comparative Mortality from Cholera in the Different Collectorates of the Presidency of Bombay during the Year 1897'\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA scarce official epidemiological map of the Bombay Presidency, prepared for the Sanitary Commissioner’s report for 1897 and printed at the Government Photozinco Office, Poona, in 1898. Using graduated colour, it maps cholera deaths per 10,000 inhabitants across the presidency’s collectorates, with a detailed inset table giving monthly mortality statistics. The map shows the heaviest mortality concentrated in the southern Deccan and Karnatak districts, especially the Southern Mahratta country around Belgaum, Bijapur and Dharwar, with further high incidence toward the Madras frontier, while Sind, Kutch and much of northern Gujarat are comparatively lightly shaded. A striking example of late-Victorian colonial medical cartography, combining administrative geography, epidemic surveillance and public-health statistics in the plague-era Bombay Presidency, and the official statistical priorities of imperial administration.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53123571876187,"sku":"P-7-028340","price":540.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-7-028340a.jpg?v=1779887918"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-october-1905-dot-map-1911-p-6-112079","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—October 1905—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — October 1905'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map of Fort North and South in Bombay, now central Mumbai, plotting the recorded locations of human plague and plague-infected rats during October 1905. Its detailed street plan allows the earliest low-level activity of the 1905–06 plague season to be followed through the densely occupied commercial district. The map was produced during the Third Plague Pandemic, which reached Bombay in 1896 and established recurring seasonal epidemics in the city. It is an unusually direct visual record of early disease surveillance and of attempts to understand the relationship between rat epizootics, fleas and human bubonic plague. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273572187,"sku":"P-6-112079","price":80.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112079a.jpg?v=1786635301"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-november-1905-dot-map-1911-p-6-112080","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—November 1905—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — November 1905'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map showing the distribution of human plague and plague-infected rats in Fort North and South, Bombay, during November 1905. Plotted observations are located against the district’s close network of streets, lanes and buildings, documenting scattered plague activity before the principal 1906 epidemic. Bombay, now Mumbai, had been struck by the Third Plague Pandemic in 1896 and subsequently experienced recurrent seasonal outbreaks. The map reflects the pioneering use of spatial evidence to examine how infection moved between urban rat populations and people, and provides a detailed record of the historic Fort district at the beginning of the twentieth century. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273604955,"sku":"P-6-112080","price":85.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112080a.jpg?v=1786635302"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-december-1905-dot-map-1911-p-6-112081","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—December 1905—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — December 1905'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map recording human plague and plague-infected rats in Fort North and South, Bombay, during December 1905. The plotted locations reveal the geographical pattern of infection immediately before the marked seasonal increase of early 1906, set within a detailed plan of streets and densely built commercial blocks. Bombay, now Mumbai, was the Indian port through which the Third Plague Pandemic entered the subcontinent in 1896. This map belongs to the period when investigators were establishing the decisive epidemiological relationship between infected rats, rat fleas and human bubonic plague. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273637723,"sku":"P-6-112081","price":95.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112081a.jpg?v=1786635301"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-january-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112082","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—January 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — January 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map plotting recorded human plague and plague-infected rats across Fort North and South, Bombay, in January 1906. The distribution marks the beginning of the seasonal rise that preceded the city’s principal epidemic months, while the underlying street plan records the dense commercial centre of present-day Mumbai. The Third Plague Pandemic had reached Bombay in 1896 and produced recurring outbreaks associated with infection among urban rats and transmission by their fleas. This detailed map demonstrates the increasingly systematic use of house- and street-level spatial data in early twentieth-century public health. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273670491,"sku":"P-6-112082","price":130.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112082a.jpg?v=1786635302"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-february-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112083","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—February 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — February 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map showing the increasing concentration of human plague and plague-infected rats in Fort North and South, Bombay, during February 1906. The observations are plotted at street and building level within the historic Fort district, now at the heart of Mumbai’s commercial centre. February marked the clear emergence of the city’s 1906 seasonal epidemic. Bombay had first been affected by the Third Plague Pandemic in 1896, after which bubonic plague recurred for many years. The map is a striking example of early disease mapping used to investigate the chronological and geographical connection between rat infection, flea transmission and human cases. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273703259,"sku":"P-6-112083","price":140.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112083a.jpg?v=1786635304"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-march-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112084","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—March 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — March 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map of Fort North and South, Bombay, densely plotting human plague and plague-infected rats during March 1906, as the seasonal epidemic intensified. The detailed street plan shows infection distributed through one of the most crowded and commercially important parts of the colonial city, now central Mumbai. Bombay was the point at which the Third Plague Pandemic reached India in 1896; recurrent outbreaks subsequently killed large numbers of people and prompted extensive investigation of the city’s rats and fleas. This map offers a powerful visual record of urban epidemic surveillance at the height of the 1905–06 outbreak. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273736027,"sku":"P-6-112084","price":150.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112084a.jpg?v=1786635303"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-april-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112085","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—April 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — April 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map recording human plague and plague-infected rats in Fort North and South, Bombay, during April 1906. Numerous plotted observations document sustained epidemic activity across the district’s tightly packed streets and buildings during one of the principal months of the outbreak. Bombay, now Mumbai, had been struck by the Third Plague Pandemic in 1896 and thereafter experienced recurrent seasonal bubonic plague. By comparing the location of rat infection with human disease, investigators helped demonstrate the central role of rat fleas in transmission. The map combines an unusually detailed plan of the historic Fort district with an important early application of spatial epidemiology. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273768795,"sku":"P-6-112085","price":140.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112085a.jpg?v=1786635304"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-may-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112086","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—May 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — May 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map plotting human plague and plague-infected rats in Fort North and South, Bombay, during May 1906. It records continued but changing epidemic activity as the major 1906 outbreak approached its decline, with individual observations located throughout the streets and commercial blocks of the historic Fort district. Bombay, now Mumbai, had been the Indian entry point of the Third Plague Pandemic in 1896. The resulting investigations established a close relationship between plague among rats, infected rat fleas and subsequent human illness. This detailed disease map preserves both the urban geography of colonial Bombay and the developing methods of modern epidemiological surveillance. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273801563,"sku":"P-6-112086","price":130.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112086a.jpg?v=1786635306"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-june-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112087","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—June 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — June 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map showing human plague and plague-infected rats in Fort North and South, Bombay, during June 1906. The more dispersed plotted observations record the waning phase of the city’s principal 1906 outbreak while identifying residual infection within the street plan of the historic Fort district, now central Mumbai. The Third Plague Pandemic had reached Bombay in 1896 and produced repeated seasonal epidemics across India. Mapping rats and human cases together enabled investigators to study how long infection persisted locally and how closely human disease followed rat epizootics. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273834331,"sku":"P-6-112087","price":95.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112087a.jpg?v=1786635306"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-july-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112088","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—July 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — July 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map plotting the limited human plague and plague-infected rats recorded in Fort North and South, Bombay, during July 1906. The sparse observations document residual off-season infection after the main epidemic had subsided, set against a detailed street plan of the commercial district now forming part of central Mumbai. Bombay had been affected by the Third Plague Pandemic since 1896, and its continuing rat infection made the city particularly important to scientists studying plague seasonality. This map illustrates the value of recording disease even during quieter months, revealing persistence that annual mortality totals alone could obscure. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273867099,"sku":"P-6-112088","price":90.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112088a.jpg?v=1786635306"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-august-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112089","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—August 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — August 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map showing the comparatively scattered human plague and plague-infected rats recorded in Fort North and South, Bombay, during August 1906. The observations are precisely located within the district’s streets and building blocks, documenting low-level infection outside the principal plague season. Bombay, now Mumbai, was first struck by the Third Plague Pandemic in 1896 and remained an important centre for research into the persistence and seasonal recurrence of bubonic plague. The map is both a detailed plan of the historic Fort district and an early example of continuous urban disease surveillance, linking human cases with the underlying rat epizootic. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273899867,"sku":"P-6-112089","price":80.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112089a.jpg?v=1786635306"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-fort-north-south-bombay-september-1906-dot-map-1911-p-6-112090","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Fort North \u0026 South—Bombay—September 1906—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Fort North and South, Bombay — September 1906'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map recording human plague and plague-infected rats in Fort North and South, Bombay, during September 1906. Scattered plotted observations show infection persisting at the end of the investigators’ annual cycle, within a detailed plan of the streets and commercial blocks of present-day central Mumbai. Bombay had been the point of arrival in India of the Third Plague Pandemic in 1896, after which seasonal epidemics repeatedly affected the city. The continued mapping of both rat and human plague helped investigators understand how infection survived between epidemic peaks and confirmed the importance of rat fleas in transmission. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273932635,"sku":"P-6-112090","price":80.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112090a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-sion-village-key-to-census-numbers-1911-map-p-6-112091","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Sion Village—key to census numbers 1911 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sion Village: key to census numbers'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original detailed plan of Sion Village, now part of Mumbai, prepared as the geographical key to a house-by-house plague investigation in 1905–06. The village was divided into manageable blocks of approximately 20 to 50 buildings, while buildings and individual family dwellings were numbered and linked to census cards recording inhabitants’ names, ages, sex and caste. This unusually precise social and topographical survey allowed plague events to be traced to particular households. The investigation took place during the Third Plague Pandemic, which had reached Bombay in 1896 and caused recurrent epidemics throughout India. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273965403,"sku":"P-6-112091","price":140.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112091a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-sion-village-guinea-pig-deaths-dot-map-1911-p-6-112093","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Sion Village—guinea-pig deaths—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sion Village: guinea-pigs that died of plague (earliest death in each house, with date)'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map of Sion Village, now part of Mumbai, plotting the earliest plague death among sentinel guinea-pigs in each affected house, with the date of death. After most inhabitants of Koliwada evacuated to a temporary camp on 11 February 1906, investigators placed guinea-pigs inside the houses to detect infected rat fleas. The dated points trace the spread of infection through the village until April. Conducted during the Third Plague Pandemic, the experiment provided striking house-by-house evidence that apparently empty buildings could remain dangerous because of fleas associated with infected rats. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776274030939,"sku":"P-6-112093","price":105.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112093a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-sion-village-plague-cases-dot-map-1911-p-6-112095","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Sion Village—plague cases—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sion Village: all events occurring in the houses'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological map of Sion Village, now part of Mumbai, summarising the plague evidence recorded in occupied houses and in buildings containing sentinel guinea-pigs during 1906. It distinguishes premises in which infected rats or plague deaths demonstrated infection from houses that remained apparently unaffected, thereby showing both the progress and the limits of the local epizootic. Investigators observed that infection moved slowly through the rat population and failed to reach some neighbouring buildings. Produced during the Third Plague Pandemic, which had affected Bombay since 1896, the map is an early and unusually detailed attempt to define an epidemic spatially at household level. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776273998171,"sku":"P-6-112095","price":110.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112095a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-sion-village-plague-event-houses-dot-map-1911-p-6-112094","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Sion Village—plague event houses—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sion Village: houses A–M used for the detailed account of selected events'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original detailed plan of Sion Village, now part of Mumbai, identifying houses A–M selected for close investigation during the 1906 plague outbreak. The labelled buildings allowed researchers to reconstruct particular incidents involving dead or infected rats, sentinel guinea-pigs, fleas and human occupation. Their observations showed that infection took at least six weeks to move approximately 300 feet through the local rat population. This painstaking household investigation formed part of the response to the Third Plague Pandemic, which reached Bombay in 1896 and stimulated major advances in understanding bubonic plague transmission. The map is a remarkable document of early field epidemiology at the scale of individual dwellings. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776274063707,"sku":"P-6-112094","price":59.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112094a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-sion-village-bhandarwada-agarwada-dot-map-1911-p-6-112097","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Sion Village—Bhandarwada—Agarwada—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sion Village (Bhandarwada and Agarwada): human plague cases, plague-dead guinea-pigs and plague-infected rats'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map of Bhandarwada and Agarwada in Sion Village, now part of Mumbai, plotting human plague cases, plague-infected rats and sentinel guinea-pigs that died of the disease during 1906. Dates attached to individual observations allow the local sequence of infection to be reconstructed, including a human case identified as imported from outside the village. The map demonstrates how investigators combined animal and human evidence to trace bubonic plague at household level. This work was undertaken during the Third Plague Pandemic, which reached Bombay in 1896 and caused recurrent epidemics across India. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776274096475,"sku":"P-6-112097","price":90.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112097a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-wadala-plague-cases-dot-map-1911-old-p-6-112098","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Wadala—plague cases—dot map 1911 old","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Wadhala (Wadala): human plague cases, guinea-pig deaths and plague-infected or dead rats'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map of Wadhala, now Wadala in Mumbai, plotting human plague cases, deaths among sentinel guinea-pigs and rats found dead or proved to be plague infected during 1906. Wadhala was then a village of approximately 1,500 inhabitants, about a mile and a half south of Sion. Many residents evacuated after the first case, making the animal observations especially important in reconstructing how infection entered and moved through the settlement. The investigation formed part of the response to the Third Plague Pandemic, which reached Bombay in 1896, and illustrates the emerging understanding of transmission from infected rats through their fleas. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776274129243,"sku":"P-6-112098","price":140.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112098a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-sion-village-jan-feb-1906-cases-dot-map-1911-p-6-112092","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Sion Village—Jan\/Feb 1906 cases—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sion Village: events during the second period'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological map of Sion Village, now part of Mumbai, recording plague-related events between 28 January and 12 February 1906. The outbreak was recognised after a dead rat was reported in a building in Koliwada, and the map locates subsequent observations within the village’s houses and lanes. It documents the opening stage of an intensively monitored local epizootic during the Third Plague Pandemic, which had reached Bombay in 1896. Investigators used such house-level evidence to examine how rat infection preceded and generated danger to people through infected fleas. The map is an important early example of detailed field epidemiology and spatial disease surveillance. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776274162011,"sku":"P-6-112092","price":80.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112092a.jpg?v=1786635308"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-sion-village-koliwada-rats-found-dot-map-1911-p-6-112096","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Sion Village—Koliwada rats found—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sion Village: rats found in Koliwada'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological map showing the locations and dates of rats found in Koliwada, the northern part of Sion Village, during February and March 1906. Its symbols distinguish rats proved to have plague from decomposed or mummified specimens whose infection could not be established. The plotted findings reveal the movement and persistence of the rat epizootic through the houses and lanes of this district, now within Mumbai. The investigation formed part of the scientific response to the Third Plague Pandemic, which reached Bombay in 1896, and helped demonstrate that human bubonic plague depended upon infection among rats and transmission by their fleas. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776274194779,"sku":"P-6-112096","price":85.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112096a.jpg?v=1786635308"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-parel-village-human-rat-cases-dot-map-1911-p-6-112099","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Parel Village—human \u0026 rat cases—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Parel Village: plague cases and plague-infected rats'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological dot map of Parel Village, now a central Mumbai neighbourhood, plotting plague-infected rats and 28 recorded human cases during the 1906 outbreak. The human cases, shown as red points and dated individually, resulted in 21 deaths among a population of approximately 3,525. The detailed plan allows the relationship between infected houses, rat deaths and human illness to be studied across the village. Produced during the Third Plague Pandemic, which reached Bombay in 1896, it is a compelling early example of disease mapping used to investigate rat-flea transmission and the spatial behaviour of bubonic plague. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776274227547,"sku":"P-6-112099","price":150.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112099a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"3rd-plague-pandemic-mumbai-bombay-warli-worli-plague-cases-dot-map-1911-p-6-112100","title":"3rd Plague Pandemic—Mumbai—Bombay—Warli—Worli—plague cases—dot map 1911","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Warli (Worli): three plague cases and events connected with them'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn original epidemiological map of Warli, now Worli in Mumbai, tracing three investigated human plague cases and the animal evidence associated with them during 1906. Rats are plotted with green dots and sentinel guinea-pigs with black crosses around the affected houses. Investigators concluded that all three patients probably acquired plague outside the village; in two instances, infection apparently arrived in clothing or with people and then spread locally to a guinea-pig or to rats. The map provides unusually detailed evidence of how plague could be imported into a community during the Third Plague Pandemic, which reached Bombay in 1896. Originally published in the Journal of Hygiene in 1907 and reissued by Cambridge University Press in 1911, this map formed part of the Indian plague investigations, which supplied systematic experimental and epidemiological proof of the rat–flea–human chain of infection in bubonic plague.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53776274260315,"sku":"P-6-112100","price":140.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112100a.jpg?v=1786635307"},{"product_id":"mandan-tribal-migration-place-of-extinction-smallpox-catlin-1841-1892-map-p-6-112019","title":"Mandan tribal migration \u0026 place of extinction—Smallpox—Catlin 1841 (1892) map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'A chart showing the moves of the Mandans and the place of their extinction'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatlin’s chart traces Mandan locations he identified along the Ohio and Missouri river systems, ending at the Upper Missouri site he labelled the “place of their extinction”. It accompanied his speculative theory that the Mandan descended from Prince Madoc’s supposed Welsh colony and migrated from the Ohio country—an idea now discredited—so it records Catlin’s imagination as much as Mandan geography. The sheet is inseparable from the catastrophic 1837 smallpox epidemic, after which Catlin incorrectly concluded that the nation had disappeared. The Mandan survived and form part of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation. Read critically beside his portraits and village views, the chart is valuable evidence of nineteenth-century ethnographic speculation and the extinction narrative imposed on Indigenous peoples. Colour-reprinted from the original plate around 1892.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53843344589147,"sku":"P-6-112019","price":70.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112019a.jpg?v=1787236278"},{"product_id":"sanitary-map-of-the-town-of-leeds-diseases-epidemiological-baker-chadwick-1842-p-6-112268","title":"Sanitary Map of the Town of Leeds—diseases\/epidemiological—Baker\/Chadwick 1842","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Sanitary Map of the Town of Leeds'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn important early disease map, prepared by Leeds surgeon and factory inspector Robert Baker at Edwin Chadwick’s request. By overlaying working-class housing, mills, “less cleansed” districts (shown in dark brown), cholera, contagious disease and ward mortality, it made a political case: epidemic disease concentrated in uncleansed working-class streets. Chadwick found cholera and fever followed similar tracks and that mortality in badly cleansed and drained wards was almost twice that of better districts. Although rooted in mistaken miasma theory rather than knowledge of cholera’s waterborne cause, the map recast illness as evidence of remediable urban conditions—and therefore a responsibility of government. Baker’s investigations helped secure the Leeds Improvement Act 1842, giving the Corporation powers over cleansing, sewers and building regulation. Nationally, this map and its Bethnal Green companion helped build the case for the Public Health Act 1848 and the principle that local authorities should actively protect public health. Engraved and printed by Stephen Sly.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53843351175515,"sku":"P-6-112268","price":820.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-112268a.jpg?v=1787236340"},{"product_id":"heart-disease-mortality-england-wales-alfred-haviland-choropleth-map-1875-p-7-028445","title":"Heart disease mortality—England \u0026 Wales—Alfred Haviland choropleth map 1875","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'The Geographical Distribution of Heart Disease in England \u0026amp; Wales'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA pioneering national map of heart-disease mortality, plotting deaths registered during 1851–60 across all 623 registration districts of England and Wales, with an enlarged London inset. Haviland turned official statistics into a six-class choropleth: arterial red marked mortality below average, while venous blue represented mortality above average. The heart-disease study first appeared in 1871; incorporated into the expanded 1875 atlas, this nearly metre-wide sheet belongs among the earliest detailed national maps devoted to a non-epidemic cause of death. Haviland interpreted the concentration of mortality in low-lying, poorly ventilated valleys as evidence that elevation, sunshine and prevailing winds influenced heart disease. The geographical comparison was innovative, although the causal conclusion did not adequately allow for confounding social and medical factors. The complete work survives at King’s College London and in the Royal Collection. This map is scarce in commerce: no separately catalogued market example or auction record has been traced.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53843355894107,"sku":"P-7-028445","price":1120.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-7-028445a.jpg?v=1787236463"},{"product_id":"female-cancer-mortality-england-wales-alfred-haviland-choropleth-map-1875-p-7-028446","title":"Female cancer mortality—England \u0026 Wales—Alfred Haviland choropleth map 1875","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'The Geographical Distribution of Cancer (in Females) in England \u0026amp; Wales'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe principal national map in what modern scholarship identifies as the first cancer atlas. Haviland plots female cancer mortality during 1851–60 across all 623 registration districts of England and Wales, with an enlarged London inset. His six-class choropleth made colour analytical rather than decorative: arterial red marked mortality below average and venous blue mortality above it. By mapping cancer nationally, rather than treating it as an individual affliction, Haviland helped establish it as a population-level public-health problem whose geographical pattern could be investigated. He associated high mortality with clay soils, flooding and river valleys, including Thames basin, but mistook geographical correlation for environmental causation; modern oncology does not support those conclusions. The complete work survives at King’s College London and in the Royal Collection; the King’s copy is digitised through Wellcome Collection. This 1875 sheet is scarce in commerce: no separately catalogued market example or auction record has been traced.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53843355959643,"sku":"P-7-028446","price":1360.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-7-028446a.jpg?v=1787236463"},{"product_id":"female-tuberculosis-mortality-england-wales-haviland-choropleth-map-1875-p-7-028447","title":"Female tuberculosis mortality—England \u0026 Wales—Haviland choropleth map 1875","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eThe Geographical Distribution of Phthisis [Tuberculosis] (in Females) in England \u0026amp; Wales\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn exceptionally early national choropleth of female phthisis mortality—pulmonary tuberculosis or “consumption”—published seven years before Robert Koch identified the tubercle bacillus. Using deaths registered during 1851–60, Haviland classifies all 623 registration districts of England and Wales into six bands, with an enlarged London inset. His physiological colours made the map analytical: arterial red denoted low mortality and venous blue high mortality. At nearly a metre wide, it transformed statistics for one of the nineteenth century’s greatest causes of death into a pattern for comparison with terrain, climate and settlement. Haviland treated geographical correlations as evidence that environment caused phthisis; the method was pioneering, but its causal interpretation was superseded by bacteriology and inadequately accounted for social conditions or person-to-person infection. The complete work survives at King’s College London and in the Royal Collection. The sheet is scarce in commerce: no separately catalogued market example or auction record has been traced.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53843356025179,"sku":"P-7-028447","price":1120.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-7-028447a.jpg?v=1787236463"},{"product_id":"map-of-oxford-to-illustrate-dr-acland-s-memoir-on-cholera-undrained-areas-1856-p-8-007030","title":"Map of Oxford to illustrate Dr. Acland's Memoir on Cholera —undrained areas 1856","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Map of Oxford, to illustrate Dr. Acland's Memoir on Cholera in Oxford in 1854, showing the localities in which cholera \u0026amp; choleraic diarrhœa occurred in 1854, and cholera in 1832 \u0026amp; 1849; together with the parts of the town described as unhealthy... the parts remedied; the districts still undrained; the parts of the river still contaminated by sewers in 1855; and the contour levels'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"An ambitious disease map issued with Henry Wentworth Acland’s Memoir on the Cholera at Oxford (1856). Physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary and Regius Professor, Acland organised Oxford’s response to the 1854 epidemic and collated practitioners’ returns. Cartographically, it is broader and more ambitious than John Snow’s Broad Street map. Snow’s Soho plan supported his revolutionary waterborne explanation; Acland mapped Oxford across three epidemics—1832, 1849 and 1854. Coloured symbols plot cholera and choleraic diarrhoea against five-foot contours, undrained districts, flooding, sewer outfalls, polluted rivers, unhealthy localities and sanitary defects, both remedied and neglected. Although Acland attributed the concentration in low-lying districts to elevation and “poisoned air” rather than contaminated water, its geographical reach, temporal depth and environmental detail make this an important achievement in early public-health cartography. The source volume’s half-title is inscribed “F. Symonds Esqr \/ With the Author’s kind regards.” Frederick Symonds was Acland’s Radcliffe colleague, treated Central Ward cases and supplied evidence used in the Memoir. Symonds reportedly nearly died of cholera himself, creating an exceptional association between author, contributor, practitioner and survivor.\"\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53843356221787,"sku":"P-8-007030","price":900.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-8-007030a.jpg?v=1787236464"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.antiquemapsandprints.com\/collections\/disease-epidemiological-maps.oembed","provider":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}