{"title":"Niebuhr's Description de l’Arabie","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"prospect-der-kuste-coasts-of-gibraltar-ceuta-niebuhr-baurenfeind-1773-map-p-6-111787","title":"Prospect der… Küste—Coasts of Gibraltar \u0026 Ceuta—Niebuhr\/Baurenfeind 1773 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eA. Prospect der Europäischen Küste bey Gibraltar. B. Prospect der Africanischen Küste bey Ceuta [A. View of the European coast near Gibraltar. B. View of the African coast near Ceuta]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA paired coastal prospect showing Gibraltar and Ceuta, the opposing European and African shores at the entrance to the Mediterranean. The plate marks the start of Niebuhr’s journey and presents the Strait as both a geographical threshold and a symbolic passage from Europe towards the Islamic world. The format is simple but effective, with the two horizons set one above the other for comparison. Such coastal profiles were practical navigational aids as well as illustrations, helping readers visualise landfalls from the sea. The Gibraltar and North African subject gives the plate broad appeal beyond Arabia collectors, linking Spanish, British, Moroccan and Mediterranean history in one compact folding sheet. As a pair, the views create a concise geographical comparison within the journey narrative.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830035291,"sku":"P-6-111787","price":115.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111787a.jpg?v=1780947928"},{"product_id":"prospect-der-stadt-bay-city-of-marseille-niebuhr-baurenfeind-1773-old-map-p-6-111788","title":"Prospect der Stadt\/Bay \u0026 City of Marseille—Niebuhr\/Baurenfeind 1773 old map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eProspect der Stadt Marseille [View of the City of Marseille]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA broad panoramic view of Marseille, one of the great Mediterranean ports encountered on the outward route of Niebuhr’s expedition. The city stretches across the shoreline with ships in the harbour and hills behind, presenting Marseille as a commercial and maritime gateway between northern Europe, the Levant and North Africa. Although included in a work best known for Arabia, the view is valuable as a mid-eighteenth-century representation of a major French port before modern redevelopment. Baurenfeind’s expedition drawings, engraved for Niebuhr’s narrative, were intended to preserve observed topography rather than picturesque invention. The result is a restrained but atmospheric prospect with strong French, Mediterranean and voyage-illustration interest. It is also attractive as a non-Arabian plate from the expedition route for collectors of French port views.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830068059,"sku":"P-6-111788","price":140.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111788a.jpg?v=1780947927"},{"product_id":"grundris-der-stadte-constantinopel-constantinople-istanbul-niebuhr-1773-map-p-6-111789","title":"Grundris der Städte Constantinopel—Constantinople—Istanbul—Niebuhr 1773 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eGrundris der Städte Constantinopel, Galata und Scudar [Plan of the cities of Constantinople, Galata and Scutari]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA valuable measured traveller’s plan of Ottoman Constantinople, Galata and Scutari from Niebuhr’s Reisebeschreibung. Niebuhr did not intend a full street-by-street survey: the plan records the city outlines and the position of principal gates, mosques, markets, embassies, waterworks and military sites, based on compass bearings and pacing. The key identifies Hagia Sophia, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque and Hippodrome, the Seraglio, the Porte, Janissary quarters, aqueduct, cemeteries, embassies and numerous gates around the city walls and Galata. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this map, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830100827,"sku":"P-6-111789","price":200.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111789a.jpg?v=1780947930"},{"product_id":"hieroglyphs-on-an-obelisk-at-constantinople-niebuhr-martin-1773-old-print-p-6-111790","title":"Hieroglyphs on an obelisk at Constantinople—Niebuhr\/Martin 1773 old print","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eHieroglyphen auf einem Obelisk zu Constantinopel [Hieroglyphs on an obelisk at Constantinople]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn antiquarian plate recording the hieroglyphic inscriptions on the Egyptian obelisk in Constantinople’s Hippodrome, together with the monument’s form and details. Such plates are especially interesting because they predate the decipherment of hieroglyphs, preserving inscriptions as carefully copied visual evidence rather than as readable text. The obelisk, transported from Egypt to the heart of the Byzantine and later Ottoman capital, embodies the movement of ancient monuments across empires. Niebuhr’s expedition valued accurate copying and measurement, and this plate belongs to that documentary tradition. It should appeal to collectors of Egyptology, Constantinople, classical antiquity and the history of scholarship, as well as to those interested in early European attempts to record ancient scripts. It has particular resonance within the pre-history of Egyptological decipherment.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830166363,"sku":"P-6-111790","price":45.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111790a.jpg?v=1780947928"},{"product_id":"measurements-of-some-obelisks-and-pyramids-in-egypt-niebuhr-1773-old-print-p-6-111791","title":"Measurements of some obelisks and pyramids in Egypt—Niebuhr 1773 old print","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e[Messungen einiger Obelisken und Pyramiden in Egypten—Measurements of some obelisks and pyramids in Egypt]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn intriguing Enlightenment plate concerned with the practical measurement of Egyptian antiquities rather than their picturesque effect. It illustrates methods for taking dimensions from obelisks and pyramids, using lines of sight, measured distances and geometrical projection, alongside details of an obelisk, pyramid forms and an architectural plan. The plate reflects Niebuhr’s unusually exact approach: he was not merely describing Egypt as a traveller, but recording it with the habits of a trained surveyor and engineer. It is a good companion to his maps and city plans, showing the empirical methods behind the work. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this print, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830231899,"sku":"P-6-111791","price":36.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111791a.jpg?v=1780947929"},{"product_id":"prospect-der-stadt-raschid-view-of-rosetta-rashid-niebuhr-baurenfeind-1773-p-6-111792","title":"Prospect der Stadt Raschid—View of Rosetta\/Rashid—Niebuhr\/Baurenfeind 1773","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eProspect der Stadt Raschid [View of the City of Rashid \/ Rosetta]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA fine folding prospect of Rashid, better known in European sources as Rosetta, the Nile Delta town later made famous by the discovery of the Rosetta Stone. The view predates that event and shows the city as an active riverine settlement, with minarets, boats and the low Delta landscape arranged across a broad horizon. It is an evocative image of Egypt before the Napoleonic expedition, produced from the observations of the Danish-sponsored Arabian journey. Baurenfeind’s draughtsmanship gives the scene a directness often lacking in more fanciful Oriental views. Rosetta subjects have strong resonance for collectors of Egypt, early travel and the history of antiquarian discovery, even when unrelated to the later inscription itself. The long skyline gives the view notable decorative presence.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830264667,"sku":"P-6-111792","price":160.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111792a.jpg?v=1780947930"},{"product_id":"grundris-der-stadt-damiat-plan-of-the-city-of-damietta-niebuhr-de-fehrt-1773-map-p-6-111793","title":"Grundris der Stadt Damiat—Plan of the City of Damietta—Niebuhr\/de Fehrt 1773 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eGrundris der Stadt Damiat [Plan of the City of Damietta]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA surveyed plan of Damietta, the important Nile Delta port, made under difficult travelling conditions. Niebuhr explains that he did not attempt a full cadastral survey: he measured the principal market street, paced the town’s circumference, and recorded selected landmarks. The key identifies an old tower with a damaged Arabic inscription, palace remains, a church converted into a mosque, a cotton or calico bleaching ground, cemeteries, mosques, a Greek monastery, the custom house and places associated with slaughter and trade. It is a compact but highly informative plan of an Egyptian river-port rarely mapped in such detail in the eighteenth century. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this map, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830395739,"sku":"P-6-111793","price":115.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111793a.jpg?v=1780947930"},{"product_id":"prospect-der-stadt-damiat-city-of-damietta-nile-view-niebuhr-baurenfeind-1773-p-6-111794","title":"Prospect der Stadt Damiat—City of Damietta—Nile view—Niebuhr\/Baurenfeind 1773","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eProspect der Stadt Damiat [View of the City of Damietta]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA broad view of Damietta from the water, giving a complementary visual counterpart to Niebuhr’s plan of the same city. Low buildings, minarets, river craft and shoreline activity establish the character of the Nile Delta port, while the long horizontal composition emphasises its position between river and sea. The image is valuable as an observed eighteenth-century prospect rather than a later romantic Orientalist invention. It also carries historical associations with medieval crusades, Ottoman Egypt and Mediterranean commerce. The folding format allows a generous panorama, making the plate attractive framed or catalogued alongside the town plan. It is a strong subject for collectors of Egyptian views and early travel illustration.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830526811,"sku":"P-6-111794","price":180.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111794a.jpg?v=1780947932"},{"product_id":"castelle-am-ausfluss-des-nils-damietta-forts-niebuhr-de-fehrt-1773-old-print-p-6-111795","title":"Castelle am Ausfluss des Nils—Damietta forts—Niebuhr\/de Fehrt 1773 old print","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eCastelle an dem Ausflus des Nils nicht weit von Damiat [Castles at the outflow of the Nile not far from Damietta]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA distinctive plate recording the defences at the Boghás, the mouth of the Damietta branch of the Nile. Niebuhr shows the “so-called new castle” on the west side of the river, a round inhabited fort built, according to its inscription, in 1116 AH \/ c.1704–05, with a lower battery of brass and iron cannon and five smaller guns above. Opposite, on the east bank, he records an older unnamed castle and battery, deserted and associated locally with fear of spirits. The site is probably connected with the defensive-tower landscape remembered in the name Ezbet El-Borg \/ Izbat al-Burj, though Niebuhr gives no proper fort name. The original explanatory text pages are not available, but we include a legend sheet with German transcription and English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830592347,"sku":"P-6-111795","price":59.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111795a.jpg?v=1780947933"},{"product_id":"nili-brachia-ambo-majora-cum-oppidis-et-vicis-nile-delta-niebuhr-martin-1773-map-p-6-111796","title":"Nili Brachia Ambo Majora cum Oppidis et Vicis…Nile Delta—Niebuhr\/Martin 1773 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eNili Brachia Ambo Majora cum Oppidis et Vicis in utraque ripa sitis [The two great branches of the Nile with towns and villages situated on both banks]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA substantial folding map of the Nile Delta, concentrating on the two principal branches and the towns and villages along their banks. Cairo, Alexandria, Rosetta, Damietta and numerous smaller settlements are brought together in a practical geographical framework, with Arabic and European place-names reflecting Niebuhr’s linguistic and cartographic ambitions. The map is among the most desirable plates in this early section of the work, because it combines major Egyptian locations, river geography and Enlightenment-era field observation. It offers a useful corrective to more decorative but less precise European maps of Egypt. For collectors, the subject has strong crossover appeal: Egypt, the Nile, Alexandria, Cairo, Rosetta and the mapping of Arabic toponyms.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830723419,"sku":"P-6-111796","price":180.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111796a.jpg?v=1780947933"},{"product_id":"einige-egyptische-alterthumer-scarab-hieroglyphs-niebuhr-martin-1773-old-print-p-6-111797","title":"Einige egyptische Alterthümer—scarab hieroglyphs—Niebuhr\/Martin 1773 old print","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Some Egyptian antiquities'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA fascinating antiquarian plate from Niebuhr’s Egyptian observations, showing five recorded antiquarian details: an inscription on a glazed sherd, perhaps part of a pot lid; an inscription copied from a scarab seen in Mr Rigo’s collection at Basra; a fine scarab from the ruins of Atrib \/ Athribis, shown life-size; the engraved underside of that scarab; and a hieroglyphic stone from Salhadjar, found before an oil press, with incised outer signs and raised central figures. Published decades before the decipherment of hieroglyphs, the plate captures Egyptian antiquities at the stage of empirical collecting, copying and puzzled interpretation. The original explanatory text pages are not available, but we include a legend sheet with German transcription and English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830821723,"sku":"P-6-111797","price":41.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111797a.jpg?v=1780947937"},{"product_id":"urbis-kahira-nec-non-oppidorum-bulak-masr-cairo-city-plan-giza-niebuhr-1773-map-p-6-111798","title":"Urbis Kahira nec non oppidorum Bulak Masr… Cairo city plan—Giza—Niebuhr 1773 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eUrbis Kahira nec non oppidorum Bulak Masr el Attik et Dsjise Ichnographia [Ground plan of the city of Cairo and the towns of Bulak, Old Cairo and Giza]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOne of the most substantial and desirable plates from Niebuhr’s Egyptian material: a detailed plan of Cairo with Bulak, Old Cairo and Giza. The key identifies the residence of the ruling Pasha, the Citadel, Janissary and Assab quarters, Sultan Hasan, al-Azhar, Khan al-Khalili, the Jewish quarter, foreign consulates, churches, cemeteries, birkets, bridges and industrial sites. Niebuhr’s plan was made from pacing and compass observations, giving it the character of a working traveller’s survey rather than a decorative city view. It is a rich record of eighteenth-century Cairo’s political, religious, commercial and hydraulic geography. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this map, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830854491,"sku":"P-6-111798","price":320.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111798a.jpg?v=1780947936"},{"product_id":"bab-el-fituch-ein-thor-zu-kahira-cairo-bab-al-futuh-gate-niebuhr-haas-1773-p-6-111799","title":"Bâb el fitüch, ein Thor zu Káhira—Cairo Bab al-Futuh gate—Niebuhr\/Haas 1773","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eBâb el fitüch, ein Thor zu Káhira [Bab al-Futuh, a gate at Cairo]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA finely engraved view of Bab al-Futuh, one of the great medieval gates of Cairo. The twin round towers, crenellated walls and passing figures create a strong architectural image, while the scene preserves the gate within its eighteenth-century urban context. Unlike many European views of Egypt, this is not merely picturesque; it records a specific monument observed during Niebuhr’s journey. The plate therefore has appeal to collectors of Islamic architecture, Cairo, military gateways and early European documentation of the Middle East. The human figures give scale and life without distracting from the massive masonry. It is among the more decorative single architectural views from the Cairo section. It would make a handsome architectural subject for framing within a group of medieval Cairo views.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342830887259,"sku":"P-6-111799","price":80.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111799a.jpg?v=1780947935"},{"product_id":"lager-der-pilgrimme-pilgrims-camp-for-departure-to-mecca-hajj-niebuhr-1773-map-p-6-111800","title":"Lager der Pilgrimme—Pilgrims' Camp for departure to Mecca—Hajj—Niebuhr 1773 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eLager der Pilgrimme vor ihrer Abreise nach Mekke [Camp of the pilgrims before their departure for Mecca]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA rare and evocative plan of the Egyptian Hajj caravan camp at Birket el-Hadsch, east of Cairo, shortly before departure for Mecca. This is not a plan of Mecca itself, but a remarkable record of the organisation of pilgrimage on the ground: the Emir Hajj’s tents, his daytime quarters, small cannon, sutlers’ tents, tethering ropes for horses and camels, a poor village and country houses of prominent Cairenes are all identified. The plate captures the logistical and ceremonial world surrounding the pilgrimage, including the precious cloth to be carried to Mecca. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this map, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342831083867,"sku":"P-6-111800","price":200.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111800a.jpg?v=1780947939"},{"product_id":"verschiedene-wassermaschinen-egyptian-sakia-shaduf-water-well-niebuhr-fehrt-1773-p-6-111801","title":"Verschiedene Wassermaschinen—Egyptian sakia shaduf—water well—Niebuhr\/Fehrt 1773","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eVerschiedene Wassermaschinen in Egypten [Various water-machines in Egypt]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA superb technical plate showing Egyptian water-raising machines and related hydraulic devices observed by Niebuhr. Rather than presenting Egypt only through ruins and monuments, it records the practical technologies that sustained agriculture and urban life: wheels, chains, wells, lifting mechanisms and animal- or hand-powered arrangements are shown in elevation, section and plan. The plate is particularly appealing as eighteenth-century engineering ethnography, documenting machines that were everyday working tools but rarely illustrated with this degree of clarity. It also complements the Cairo plan, where water supply, canals and reservoirs are crucial features. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this print, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342831116635,"sku":"P-6-111801","price":59.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111801a.jpg?v=1780947937"},{"product_id":"grund-und-aufrisz-pferde-muhle-cairo-horse-mill-plan-niebuhr-de-fehrt-1773-p-6-111802","title":"Grund- und Aufrisz Pferde Mühle—Cairo horse mill plan—Niebuhr\/de Fehrt 1773","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eGrund- und Aufrisz einer Pferde Mühle zu Káhira [Plan and elevation of a horse mill at Cairo]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA precise technical plate showing the plan and elevation of a horse-powered mill in Cairo. The subject is modest but unusually informative: Niebuhr records not a famous monument, but the mechanism of everyday production, giving the arrangement of the horse, gearing, millstones and working structure. Such plates are valuable because they show the expedition’s practical curiosity about machinery, labour and urban economy, not merely antiquities or scenery. The combination of ground plan and elevation makes the mechanism intelligible and gives the sheet strong appeal for collectors of early technology, engineering, Egypt and ethnographic travel. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this print, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342831149403,"sku":"P-6-111802","price":41.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111802a.jpg?v=1780947938"},{"product_id":"abbildung-salmiakofens-egyptian-sal-ammoniac-furnace-niebuhr-de-fehrt-1773-p-6-111803","title":"Abbildung Salmiakofens—Egyptian sal ammoniac furnace—Niebuhr\/de Fehrt 1773","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eAbbildung eines Salmiakofens und verschiedener Maschinen in Egypten [Illustration of a sal-ammoniac furnace and various machines in Egypt]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA striking technical plate devoted to Egyptian manufacture and machinery, including a sal-ammoniac furnace and several related devices. Niebuhr’s expedition was unusually attentive to practical industry, and this sheet records processes that would otherwise be almost invisible in conventional travel illustration. The plate combines cross-sections, elevations, presses and working mechanisms, placing Egyptian craft and production within the same empirical framework as the maps, city plans and antiquities. It is a strong subject for collectors interested in early industrial history, chemistry, ethnographic technology and the applied sciences of the Enlightenment. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this print, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342831247707,"sku":"P-6-111803","price":59.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111803a.jpg?v=1780947938"},{"product_id":"abbildung-ofens-fur-eyer-egyptian-egg-hatchery-oven-niebuhr-de-fehrt-1773-p-6-111804","title":"Abbildung Ofens für Eyer—Egyptian egg hatchery oven—Niebuhr\/de Fehrt 1773","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003eAbbildung eines Ofens in welchem Eyer ausgebrütet werden [Illustration of an oven in which eggs are hatched]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn especially curious plate illustrating the Egyptian egg-hatching oven, one of the most celebrated examples of traditional artificial incubation described by early European travellers. The plan and sections show the chambers, heating arrangements and internal layout of the oven, turning a surprising agricultural practice into a clear technical diagram. The subject has considerable charm: it combines natural history, rural economy, engineering and travel observation, and demonstrates Niebuhr’s interest in how things actually worked. It is far more than a novelty image, offering documentary evidence of a long-established technology that fascinated European readers. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this print, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342831313243,"sku":"P-6-111804","price":41.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111804a.jpg?v=1780947940"},{"product_id":"middle-eastern-ottoman-headdresses-head-wear-5-sheets-carsten-niebuhr-1773-p-6-111805","title":"Middle Eastern \u0026 Ottoman headdresses\/head wear—5 sheets—Carsten Niebuhr 1773","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e[Forty-eight headdresses of Middle Eastern and Ottoman peoples—5 sheets]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA highly engaging group of five plates illustrating forty-eight Middle Eastern and Ottoman headdresses, here offered together as one set. Niebuhr treats headgear as a visual language of rank, office, religion, ethnicity and locality: Turks, Janissaries, Bostanjis, Tartars, Kurds, Copts, Greek clergy, Armenians, Syrian Christians, Druze women and Sinai Bedouin dress are all distinguished by the form, material and wrapping of their head coverings. The plates are attractive individually, but much stronger as a continuous taxonomy of eighteenth-century identity and costume across the Ottoman and neighbouring worlds. The original explanatory text pages are not available with this group, but we include a legend sheet transcribing the original German key for all forty-eight figures with English translation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53342831346011,"sku":"P-6-111805","price":230.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-6-111805a.jpg?v=1780947938"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.antiquemapsandprints.com\/collections\/niebuhrs-description-de-l-arabie.oembed","provider":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}