{"product_id":"air-empire-air-freedom-postwar-freedom-of-the-air-richard-edes-harrison-1943-map-p-8-007016","title":"Air Empire–Air Freedom—Postwar Freedom of the Air—Richard Edes Harrison 1943 map","description":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e'Air Empire—Air Freedom'\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePublished in April 1943, nineteen months before the Chicago Conference, Richard Edes Harrison’s map anticipates the postwar settlement of international air transport. Its central polar projection imagines the air as a connected “universal ocean”, while four surrounding maps show the air empires of the United States, France, Britain and Portugal. The contrast asks whether states would open their airspace to foreign airlines or preserve national control. This was the dispute addressed at Chicago in 1944, where the Convention reaffirmed state sovereignty but separate agreements formulated the freedoms of the air: overflight, technical landing and rights to carry international traffic. Harrison’s argument is not simply idealistic “open skies”. The United States lacked the overseas bases of European empires and could obtain global routes only through reciprocal bargains, exchanging access to American airspace for equivalent rights abroad. The map records civil aviation as its postwar legal and commercial order was being imagined.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53723299479899,"sku":"P-8-007016","price":200.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0923\/9583\/1643\/files\/P-8-007016a.jpg?v=1785944817","url":"https:\/\/www.antiquemapsandprints.com\/products\/air-empire-air-freedom-postwar-freedom-of-the-air-richard-edes-harrison-1943-map-p-8-007016","provider":"Antiquemapsandprints.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}